India’s National Green Hydrogen Mission: an analysis of the strategies, policies for net-zero emissions and sustainability

Abstract Green hydrogen (GH 2 ) is emerging as a promising option for decarbonizing the energy, transport, and industrial sectors, playing a critical role in addressing climate change. India aims to achieve energy independence by 2047 and net-zero emissions by 2070. To realize these goals, the country has launched the National Green Hydrogen Mission, with a vision to become a global leader in GH 2 production, electrolyzer manufacturing, and export. This article provides an overview of the National Green Hydrogen Mission’s initiatives, state-level policies supporting GH 2 , and key projects undertaken by public and private sector organizations. As part of the mission, India plans to establish a GH 2 production capacity of at least 5 million metric tonnes per year and develop 60–100 GW of electrolyzer capacity. The government has initiated pilot projects focusing on the use of GH 2 in shipping, long-haul mobility, and the steel industry. A SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis of hydrogen energy in India is presented. The challenges posed by high equipment costs and the need for more indigenous technologies have been highlighted. The possibility of reducing fossil fuel imports, enhanced energy security, and the availability of a skilled workforce present significant opportunities and strengths. Key policy recommendations for enhancing GH 2 production in India include encouraging all states to support the development, offering interest-free loans and incentives, and promoting Research and Development by establishing centres of excellence and fostering international collaboration.