Potential Effects of Samwa (<i>Cleome</i><i> </i><i>Droserifolia</i>) Ethanol Extract on Hyperglycemia, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Diabetic Rats Induced by Alloxan

Diabetes is a pathological condition that affects the organism and leads to a high level of glucose in the blood which is called hyperglycemia. Besides hyperglycemia, many other factors play a great role in the pathogenesis of diabetes including oxidative stress and inflammation which leading to serious complications. The present study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of Samwa (Cleome droserifolia) ethanol extract (CDE) intervention on hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic rats induced by alloxan. Normal control rats recorded 94.41 mg/dL for blood glucose which significantly (p≤0.01) increased to 312.22 mg/dL in alloxan-treated rats. Intervention with CDE (200 to 800 mg/kg bw) in feeding protocol rats for 28 days led to significant (p≤0.05) decrease the levels of blood glucose by the rates of -21.16, -35.40, -43.48 and -49.51% compared to the diabetic rats, respectively. The opposite direction was recorded for free insulin level in serum. The rate of decreasing in blood glucose and increasing in free serum insulin were exhibited a dose-dependent manner. The same behavior was recorded for the biomarkers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, MDA) and inflammation (nitric oxide, NO) levels in plasma. On contrary, significant (P≤0.05) improvement in different antioxidant defense systems in both serum including bioactive molecules (glutathione fractions, GSH and GSSG) and RBC's including antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px, glutathione reductase, GSH-Rd, superoxide dismutase, SOD and catalases, CAT) were recorded. In conclusion, these findings provide a basis for the use of Samwa extracts for the prevention and/or treatment of type-2 Diabetic Mellitus and its complications.