Enhancing vehicular performance with flywheel energy storage systems: Emerging technologies and applications

Flywheel Energy Storage Systems (FESS) are a pivotal innovation in vehicular technology, offering significant advancements in enhancing performance in vehicular applications. This review comprehensively examines recent literature on FESS, focusing on energy recovery technologies, integration with drivetrain systems, and environmental impacts. A detailed comparison with lithium-ion batteries highlights the efficiency and sustainability of FESS. The study delves into various FESS technologies, components such as bearings and rotor design, and evaluates their advantages and limitations. It also addresses current challenges in FESS implementation, proposing potential solutions. Diverse applications of FESS in vehicular contexts are discussed, underscoring their role in advancing sustainable transportation. This review provides comprehensive insights and identifies emerging trends, paving the way for future research and development in energy storage technologies. • Examined the pivotal role of Flywheel Energy Storage Systems (FESS) in enhancing vehicular performance and sustainability. • Conducted a comprehensive analysis of FESS technologies and their integration with current vehicle powertrain systems. • Evaluated the benefits and challenges of FESS in automotive applications. • Highlighted opportunities for future R&D to overcome safety concerns, gyroscopic effects, and optimise control systems. • Provided insights into the current applications of FESS in vehicles, highlighting their role in sustainable transportation.