Novel indole based fused triazole-thiadiazole derivatives as anti-diabetic agents: <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in silico</i> approaches

<b>Aim:</b> The current research presents novel library of indole derived fused triazole-thiadiazole derivatives (1-17) for treatment of diabetes mellitus.<b>Methods & results:</b> These compounds were synthesized by treating 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)acetic acid with hydrazinecarbothiohydrazide followed by treating the resultant compound with substituted benzoic acid. Structural validation was achieved spectroscopically (¹HNMR, ¹³CNMR and HREI-MS). The synthesized compounds were subjected to biological evaluation to assess their potential as anti-diabetic. Molecular docking study was employed to investigate the binding interactions of these analogs with relevant proteins. ADMET analysis was used to predict their drug-like properties. Notably, compound-<b>10</b> (IC₅₀ = <b>1.27 ± 1.25</b> and <b>2.18 ± 2.45</b> μM) bearing <i>para</i>-substituted F atom exhibited the highest potency due to strong inhibitory interactions through hydrogen bonding.<b>Conclusion:</b> This study identifies promising compounds with anti-diabetic activity, paving the way for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.