Phenotypic Analysis of the <i>HBA2</i> : C.95 G &gt; A Mutation in China

This study aimed to analyze the clinical phenotype of the <i>HBA2</i>: c.95G>A mutation in the Chinese population and to provide guidance for clinical diagnosis and genetic counseling. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 16 patients, including 6 newborns, 2 children, and 8 adults. Hematological parameters and hemoglobin electrophoresis were analyzed, and genotypes were identified using methods such as PCR combined with reverse dot blot (RDB), nested PCR, gap polymerase chain reaction (Gap-PCR), and DNA sequencing. The results showed that 10 patients had mild anemia, 2 had moderate anemia, and 12 exhibited microcytic hypochromic features with MCV values ranging from 53 to 74.7 fl and MCH values from 16.2 to 25.4 pg. Additionally, 3 cases displayed obvious HbH + HbBarts bands (>15%). Among the 16 cases, various combinations of the <i>HBA2</i>: c.95G>A mutation were observed: one case had -α^3.7 combined with <i>HBA2</i>: c.95G>A, another had -α^4.2 combined with <i>HBA2</i>: c.95G>A, and five had -^SEA combined with <i>HBA2</i>: c.95G>A, while the remaining cases were <i>HBA2</i>: c.95G>A heterozygotes. The study concludes that the <i>HBA2</i>: c.95G>A mutation in the α2 globin gene causes α+ thalassemia. When this mutation is combined with the Southeast Asian deletion (-^SEA), it results in HbH disease, characterized by moderate microcytic hypochromic anemia and the presence of HbH + HbBarts bands.