Transforming Diabetes Care: The Impact of Self-Management Education on Physical Health in Nigerian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly impacts physical health, necessitating effective management strategies. Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) empowers patients through knowledge and skills, potentially improving their physical well-being. This study evaluated the impact of DSME on the physical health of T2DM patients in Nigeria.Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test study was conducted at Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria. T2DM patients were systematically sampled based on inclusion criteria. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire assessing demographics, quality of life indicators, and self-management competence. A structured DSME program was implemented, focusing on nutrition, exercise, and foot care. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, t-tests, and ANOVA, with significance set at p<0.05.Results: The study included 150 participants. Post-intervention results showed significant improvements in physical role limitations (mean difference = 2.66, p < 0.001). Self-management competence also improved significantly (mean difference = -9.655, p < 0.001), indicating enhanced ability to manage physical aspects of diabetes care. Conclusion: DSME significantly enhances physical health outcomes and self-management competence among T2DM patients. These findings underscore the importance of structured educational interventions in improving the physical well-being of individuals with diabetes, particularly in resource-limited settings.