VIRTUAL REALITY IN PHYSIOTHERAPY: CURRENT APPLICATIONS

Background: Recent advancements in virtual reality (VR) technology have the potential to revolutionize rehabilitation practices. This study explores the integration of VR into physical therapy and rehabilitation programs, focusing on its effectiveness in treating musculoskeletal and neurological disorders, as well as its applications in geriatric and paediatric populations. Objective: This research aims to evaluate the current applications of VR as a treatment modality in healthcare, particularly in physiotherapy, and to investigate the underlying mechanisms of VR analgesia. Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to identify existing research on the use of VR in various rehabilitation contexts. The applications examined include burn injury management, upper limb rehabilitation post-stroke, and interventions for mental health disorders. The study also explores immersive VR interventions for musculoskeletal rehabilitation, highlighting the need for further investigation in this area. Results: Preliminary findings indicate that VR is increasingly supported by research as an effective treatment modality. The study identifies several mechanisms of action associated with VR analgesia, including the interactions among brain cortices, neurochemistry, and cognitive, emotional, and attentional processes. Various theoretical frameworks, such as Gate Control Theory, Multiple Resources and Mental Workload, Neurobiology of Virtual Reality Pain Attenuation, and Behavioural Health, provide insight into the analgesic effects of VR. Conclusion: The integration of VR technology in physiotherapy shows significant promise for enhancing rehabilitation outcomes. Continued research is essential to establish best practices and optimize VR interventions for various patient populations.