Impact of the School Food Environment on Dietary Choices and Body Mass Index Among Adolescents: A Case Study of Secondary Schools in Suakoko District, Bong County, Liberia

Adolescence is a critical period for developing lifelong dietary habits, and the school food environment plays a significant role in shaping these behaviors. With increasing rates of obesity and malnutrition among adolescents, understanding the influence of the school food environment is crucial, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where traditional diets are transitioning towards more processed, calorie-dense foods. This study aimed to assess the impact of the school food environment on dietary choices and body mass index (BMI) among adolescents in Suakoko District, Bong County, Liberia. A cross-sectional design was employed involving 275 students from 23 randomly selected public and private secondary schools. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, direct observations of the school food environment, and anthropometric measurements. Statistical analysis, including chi-square tests, was conducted to explore the relationships between school food environment, dietary choices, physical activity, and BMI. The results revealed that 64% of the students did not frequently choose fruits and vegetables, with food choices primarily influenced by availability and taste. A significant relationship was found between physical activity and nutritional status (p = 0.017), with regular physical activity being linked to a healthier BMI. However, no significant associations were found between school promotion of healthy eating, nutrition education, or the presence of school gardens, and students’ BMI. In conclusion, although schools play a vital role in shaping dietary habits, this study emphasizes the need for more effective interventions to improve access to nutritious foods and promote physical activity. Addressing the gaps in school infrastructure and enhancing nutrition education could contribute to better health outcomes for adolescents in Liberia.