Legal basis for providing legal aid to a detained person in the context of international standards and practice of the European Court of Human Rights

Based on the analysis of theoretical approaches to the essence of the institute of detention of a person, the article substantiates the position that detention is a procedural action which has a temporary restrictive nature of the rights of a person who was detained during the commission or attempted commission of a criminal offence, immediately after the commission of a criminal offence or during the continuous prosecution of a person suspected of a criminal offence, and which aims to ensure further pre-trial investigation, clarification of the circumstances of the event which occurred. Based on the generalisation of the provisions of international legal acts and taking into account the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, the author defines the standards for providing legal aid to a person detained on suspicion of committing a criminal offence. It is established that the special international standards, compliance with which is crucial for ensuring the rights of a detainee and which also guarantee the effectiveness of legal aid received by a detainee, include 1) the principle of confidentiality in the course of communication between a detainee and a defence lawyer; 2) the principle of verification of the legality of detention without delay; 3) the principle of appealing against the failure to ensure the rights of a detainee or their violation; 4) the principle of independent and free choice of one's legal position. The following are proposed to be the sectoral international standards, compliance with which is crucial for ensuring the rights of a detainee, and which also guarantee the effectiveness of legal aid received by a detainee 1) the principle of confidentiality in the course of a detainee’s communication with a defence lawyer; 2) the principle of verification of the legality of detention without delay; 3) the principle of appealing against the failure to ensure the detainee’s rights or their violation; 4) the principle of independent and free choice of one’s legal position. The emphasis is placed on the fact that the prospects for further research should be to determine the legal mechanisms for implementing the outlined standards into the national practice of law enforcement and judicial authorities.