Improvement in persistent post-concussive symptoms after treatment with neuromodulation: A case study.

Up to 30% of youth with concussion experience persistent post-concussive symptoms (PPCS) impacting cognitive, social, mental, and physical health. Limited evidence-based therapies exist to treat PPCS. We present a case of an adolescent female with multiple sports-related concussions with persistent symptoms, including headache, nausea, dizziness, brain fog, and anxiety. After 4 weeks of treatment with an auricular percutaneous electrical nerve field stimulation (PENFS) device, she had near-complete resolution of her symptoms, allowing a return to her previous level of academic achievement, as well as physical activity. Emerging evidence suggests that various forms of neuromodulation, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), can benefit patients with post-concussive symptoms. This adolescent female’s improvement with PENFS contributes to this expanding field.