Association Study of rs1632947, rs1233334, and rs371194629 Polymorphisms in Human Leukocyte Antigen G Gene Expression and soluble Human Leukocyte Antigen G with Lupus

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease that has been associated with human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) in previous studies on immunological diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between three HLA-G gene polymorphisms (rs1632947, rs1233334, and rs371194629) and their impact on HLA-G mRNA expression and soluble HLA-G levels in serum. Genotyping was performed using TaqMan probe PCR. RNA extraction, reverse transcription PCR, and real-time PCR assays were conducted to assess the expression of the HLA-G gene in tissue samples. Soluble HLA-G was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum. Results show a significant difference in the frequency of the G allele for two 5'-untranslated region (UTR) polymorphisms of the HLA-G gene (rs1632947 and rs1233334) located at positions -964 and -725, respectively, between lupus patients and controls, with <i>p</i>-values of 0.009 and 0.040, respectively. In addition, the study identified the 14 bp insertion allele of the rs371194629 polymorphism located in the 3' UTR of the gene as a risk factor for lupus, with a <i>p</i>-value of 0.001. Our results also indicate that lupus-related alleles may increase the risk of developing the disease by upregulating the expression of HLA-G and increasing soluble HLA-G levels in serum. The findings of the study suggest that the identified genetic variants may play a role in the development of lupus and could be useful in identifying individuals at risk for the disease. These results are important for advancing our understanding of the genetic basis of lupus and may have implications for the development of new treatments and diagnostic tools for the disease.