Coordinated inheritance of extrachromosomal DNAs in cancer cells
The chromosomal theory of inheritance dictates that genes on the same chromosome segregate together while genes on different chromosomes assort independently<sup>1</sup>. Extrachromosomal DNAs (ecDNAs) are common in cancer and drive oncogene amplification, dysregulated gene expression and intratumoural heterogeneity through random segregation during cell division<sup>2,3</sup>. Distinct ecDNA sequences, termed ecDNA species, can co-exist to facilitate intermolecular cooperation in cancer cells<sup>4</sup>. How multiple ecDNA species within a tumour cell are assorted and maintained across somatic cell generations is unclear. Here we show that cooperative ecDNA species are coordinately inherited through mitotic co-segregation. Imaging and single-cell analyses show that multiple ecDNAs encoding distinct oncogenes co-occur and are correlated in copy number in human cancer cells. ecDNA species are coordinately segregated asymmetrically during mitosis, resulting in daughter cells with simultaneous copy-number gains in multiple ecDNA species before any selection. Intermolecular proximity and active transcription at the start of mitosis facilitate the coordinated segregation of ecDNA species, and transcription inhibition reduces co-segregation. Computational modelling reveals the quantitative principles of ecDNA co-segregation and co-selection, predicting their observed distributions in cancer cells. Coordinated inheritance of ecDNAs enables co-amplification of specialized ecDNAs containing only enhancer elements and guides therapeutic strategies to jointly deplete cooperating ecDNA oncogenes. Coordinated inheritance of ecDNAs confers stability to oncogene cooperation and novel gene regulatory circuits, allowing winning combinations of epigenetic states to be transmitted across cell generations.
Authors
- Anton George Henssen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1534-778X)
- Rocío Chamorro González (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5653-7259)
- Vineet Bafna (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5810-6241)
- Aditi Gnanasekar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8303-8674)
- Zhonglin Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6004-7722)
- Ellis J. Curtis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3751-9968)
- Howard Y. Chang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9459-4393)
- Paul S. Mischel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4560-2211)
- Lotte Brückner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6155-2277)
- Ivy Tsz-Lo Wong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9761-3422)
- Julia A. Belk (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4724-6158)
- Benjamin F. Cravatt (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5330-3492)
- Jens Luebeck (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4391-979X)
- Britney Jiayu He (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8989-1521)
- Matthew G. Jones (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0363-4493)
- Benjamin Werner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6857-8699)
- Bruno Melillo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9708-5287)
- King L. Hung (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3662-4662)
- Weini Huang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9016-2665)
- Joshua T. Lange (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4246-6058)
- Jan R. Dörr (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4927-6548)
- Xiaowei Yan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4846-8812)
- Rachel Schmargon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3535-7185)
- Elisa Scanu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9989-5822)
- Rui Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5878-6654)
Institutions
- Broad Institute (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography (US)
- Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
- Queen Mary University of London (GB)
- German Cancer Research Center (DE)
- Max Delbrück Center (DE)
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Vividion Therapeutics (United States) (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (DE)
- Scripps (United States) (US)
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (DE)
- Stanford University (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Nature
- Published
- 2024-11-06
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07861-8
- Citations
- 66
- Primary Topic
- Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 18.82