Marchiafava-Bignami Disease: A Case Report of a Reversible Cause of Dementia

Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) is a rare neurological disorder predominantly associated with chronic alcohol use, characterized by demyelination and necrosis of the corpus callosum. The condition often presents with cognitive dysfunction, motor deficits, and altered consciousness, which can range from mild confusion to severe stupor. Early recognition and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes. We report a case of MDB that was diagnosed in a 43-year-old woman with a history of chronic alcohol use and a 15-day history of progressive neurological symptoms, including impaired speech, confusion, and inability to walk independently. Brain MRI findings were consistent with MBD, showing acute demyelination of the anterior corpus callosum. The patient was treated with high-dose intravenous thiamine and B vitamins, resulting in a gradual and significant improvement. After one month, she regained coherent speech and the ability to walk independently.