Historical perspective on 120 years of agriculture:Highlights from research published in the SAJS

Agriculture, an essential pillar of South Africa’s economy, has evolved through a century of scientific
\nadvancements. This Perspective highlights the significant research contributions to the improvement of
\ncitrus and maize production, addressing historical challenges and emphasising ongoing issues such as
\nclimate change, water scarcity and soil quality. The introduction of modern agricultural practices, including
\nhybrid seeds, genetic modification, and advanced irrigation techniques, has transformed these crops,
\nenabling increased productivity and global competitiveness. However, the sector faces persistent challenges,
\nincluding the impacts of climate change and food security concerns, particularly in rural communities. We
\nalso explore future prospects, underscoring the importance of technology adoption and sustainable practices
\nto enhance food security. South Africa’s agricultural research, although underfunded compared to developed
\nnations, remains crucial for sustaining the agricultural landscape and ensuring the sector’s resilience and
\ngrowth in an increasingly challenging global environment.