Sheep Farming Development: Utilizing the Biological Capabilities of Dagestan Breed Sheep and Crossbreeds

Abstract Sheep farming plays a vital role in meeting societal and economic demands for essential materials and food products. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of crossbreeding Russian meat merino rams with Dagestan Mountain rams on the histostructure of skin and its implications for wool production. Skin samples were collected from purebred Dagestan Mountain sheep and its cross with the Russian meat merino sheep for biopsy. Each layer of skin tissue has its own characteristics, which determine the level and quality of wool productivity. Results revealed notable differences in skin composition between the two groups, particularly in the thickness of the pilar and reticular layers. Purebred sheep exhibited a higher percentage of pilar layer thickness relative to total skin thickness compared to purebreds, indicating potential improvements in mechanical properties. Histological examination showed variations in hair follicle density, with crossbred rams demonstrating the highest follicle density. Genetic influences on skin histology were inferred from observed differences in histological parameters. These findings have practical implications for the processing enterpises in Russia, Kazakhstan, and other countries where sheep farming is actively growing. Understanding these histological differences contributes valuable insights to optimize sheep breeding practices and maximize wool productivity.