Association between Diabetes, Glycemic Control, and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Asthmatic Adults

<bold>Background:</bold> Dysglycemia, including prediabetes, diabetes, and insulin resistance, have been identified as risk factors for worsened asthma. This study aims to explore the correlation between diabetes and glycemic control and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in asthmatic adults. <bold>Methods:</bold> This study included 3237 eligible asthmatics from the NHANES (2011–2018). The median follow-up time for all individuals was 58 months. The potential associations were explored using three Cox proportional hazards models: restricted cubic splines (RCS), threshold effect models, and CoxBoost models. Kaplan-Meiersis was conducted to assess the prognostic impact of diabetes, glycohemoglobin, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in asthmatics. In addition, subgroup analyses were conducted to investigate these associations within distinct populations. <bold>Results:</bold> The Cox proportional hazard analyses demonstrated that diabetes and FPG were positively associated with all-cause mortality in asthmatics, yet glycohemoglobin was positively associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in asthmatics. The RCS and threshold effect models revealed a linear relationship between glycohemoglobin with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and a J-shaped association between FPG and all-cause mortality in asthmatics. <bold>Conclusions:</bold> Diabetes and FPG might serve as independent predictors of the risk of all-cause death in asthmatics, yet glycohemoglobin might serve as an independent predictor of the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular death in asthmatics. Targeting glucose metabolism dysregulation may be a new strategy for treating asthma.