Autoimmune diseases and its impact on patients with COVID-19 in hospitalized: a retrospective analysis

<bold>Introduction:</bold> Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out in December 2019 with high morbility and mortality. It is unclear how autoimmune disease influence the hospitalized patients with COVID-19. <bold>Methods:</bold> In our retrospective cohort study, we aim to explore the risk of autoimmune disease for the severity of COVID-19 hospitalized patients. We used 1:4 ratio propensity score matching (PSM) in our study to adjust for age, gender, height, weight, BMI, smoke, vaccination status, and comorbidities other than immune diseases between autoimmune and non-autoimmune groups. <bold>Result:</bold> There were total 745 patients included in our original cohort. The most prevalent comorbidity hypertension, diabetes, cerebrovascular, pulmonary, kidney, liver disease were balanced at baseline. According to the basic immune diseases of the hospitalized patients, they were divided into two groups: autoimmune (n = 149), non-autoimmune (n = 596) groups. Patients with basic autoimmune disease had lower risk of mechanical ventilation during hospitalization compared with patients without autoimmune disease (22.82% vs. 14.60%, P = 0.021). No statistical differences of risk of death in hospital and transfer to ICU rate between these two groups (Figure 1). <bold>Conclusions:</bold> Among laboratory confirmed hospitalized patients of COVID-19, patients with basic autoimmune disease yielded poorer clinical outcome of mechanical ventilation than those without. <bold>Keywords:</bold> COVID-19; Autoimmune diseases; Hospitalized patients <bold>Funding:</bold> The Science and Technology Foundation of Sichuan Province, China (2022NSFSC0842)