Exploring abnormal breathing strategies and deconditioning in individuals with elevated trunk fat mass

<bold>Background:</bold> Abnormal breathing strategies and deconditioning can lead to heightened fatigue and breathlessness, diminishing exercise capacity in overweight and obese individuals. The distribution of fat in the chest and abdomen is believed to impact respiratory mechanics. <bold>Aims and Objectives:</bold> This study aimed to characterize abnormal breathing strategies and deconditioning observed through cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in patients with elevated trunk fat mass. <bold>Methods:</bold> Eighty-six healthy participants with trunk fat mass exceeding 120% Pred through bioelectrical impedance analysis were recruited at the Community Healthcare Center, Vietnam in 2023. Participants underwent CPET with continuous measurement of inspiratory capacity during exertion using a bicycle ergometer, following ATS recommendations. <bold>Results:</bold> The study comprised 42 females and 44 males, with an average trunk fat mass of 9.4 kg (95% CI 8.7-10.1). Weight categories were distributed as follows: normal weight 42%, overweight 24%, pre-obese 29%, and obese 5%. Shallow breathing (peak TV/FVC < 50% and respiratory rate-RR ≥ 40 breaths/minute) was the most prevalent, accounting for 44.2% (38/86), including 19/36 individuals in the normal weight group. Tachypnea (peak RR ≥ 50 breaths/minute) was observed in 14.0%, and breathing at high lung volume (TV near TLC) in 18.6%. Deconditioning was identified in 24.4%, with 14/21 subjects not exhibiting the aforementioned abnormalities. <bold>Conclusions:</bold> Individuals with elevated trunk fat mass may display abnormal breathing strategies and/or deconditioning, even among those of normal weight. Timely detection of these issues is crucial for designing appropriate exercise programs.