Late Breaking Abstract - Efficacy and safety of transbronchial radiofrequency ablation for peripheral lung cancer: a single-center retrospective study

<bold>Objective:</bold> This study aims to retrospectively explore the safety and efficacy of transbronchial RFA for peripheral lung cancer, particularly its efficacy in treating early-stage lung cancer. <bold>Methods:</bold> This retrospective study included patients at Shanghai Chest Hospital who underwent transbronchial RFA for peripheral lung cancer between August 2018 and December 2023. The primary endpoints were the safety of the ablation procedure and the local control progression-free survival rate (LPFS) for early-stage lung cancer. The secondary endpoint was the progression-free survival rate (PFS) for early-stage lung cancer. <bold>Results:</bold> A total of 88 patients with 93 tumors underwent 97 transbronchial RFA procedures, all successfully completed. The incidence of adverse events was 12.37%, with an intervention-required adverse event (CTCAE≥2) rate of 7.22%. The mean tumor size of patients with early-stage lung cancer included in the efficacy analysis was 17.19 mm (range 9.17-38.35 mm). In the LPFS analysis, the 1-year and 3-year LPFS rates were 87.57% and 66.39%. In the PFS analysis, the 1-year and 3-year PFS rates were 81.25% and 44.94%. The analysis of efficacy influencing factors showed that transbronchial RFA guided by CBCT had better outcomes compared to X-ray guidance, significantly impacting LPFS (1-year and 3-year LPFS: 100% vs 57.69%, 80.40% vs 38.46%, p=0.0007) and PFS (1-year and 3-year PFS: 91.07% vs 57.69%, 67.64% vs 8.24%, p<0.0001). <bold>Conclusion:</bold> Transbronchial RFA for peripheral lung cancer has a high safety profile. The efficacy of CBCT-guided transbronchial RFA for the treatment of early-stage lung cancer has been well evaluated.