Clinical factors in Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis and its mortality – retrospective analysis of 5 years of a single center

<bold>Introduction:</bold> Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CPA) is a rare but challenging disease. Particularly in places with a high prevalence of structural lung diseases, it is fundamental to correctly identify patients at risk. <bold>Aims and objectives:</bold> Evaluate clinical factors relevant to the diagnosis of CPA and their impact in all-cause mortality. <bold>Methods:</bold> We conducted a retrospective analysis of all Aspergillus (Asp) IgG, Asp Fumigatus IgG, Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) Galactomannan, biomolecular identification and mycological culture in both Bronchial washing and in BAL, between the 1st of january of 2019 and the 31st of december of 2023. Positive cases had their clinical records reviewed and were classified as CPA positive or not, according to ESCMID/ERS Guidelines. Odds ratio and 95% Confidence intervals calculated using crosstabs function and p values using Qui-Square/Fischer test in SPSS®. <bold>Results:</bold> Of 1140 exam results analysed, positive test results belonging to 76 patients were found and 38 had CPA: 24 Chronic Cavitary Pulmonary Aspergillosis, 9 Simple Aspergillomas, 2 Aspergillotic Nodules and 3 others. <fig><object-id>erj;64/suppl_68/PA3283/F1</object-id><object-id>F1</object-id><object-id>F1</object-id><graphic></graphic></fig> All-cause mortality in CPA was associated with the presence of Bronchiectasis (OR 9.8, CI95% 1.1-89 p=0.026). <bold>Conclusion:</bold> Pulmonary structural changes or immunossupression are associated with CPA. Proactive monitoring is essencial in its early diagnosis and in the prevention of its morbimortality.