A Neutrosophic Model for Measuring Evolution, Involution, and Indeterminacy in Species: Integrating Common and Uncommon Traits in Environmental Adaptation

In 2017, Professor F. Smarandache introduced the Neutrosophic Theory of Evolution, Involution, and Indeterminacy (or Neutrality) (NToEIaI). He concluded that every theory of evolution is characterized by a certain degree of truth, indeterminacy, and untruth, as in neutrosophic logic. In this perspective, he raised several open questions on evolution, neutrality, and involution that required further research effort. Very recently, in 2024, Smarandache conducted research, from a soft sciences/philosophical viewpoint, on identifying and studying common parts in uncommon things and uncommon parts in common things emphasizing the complexity and interconnectedness of concepts within the context of neutrosophy. In this article, we propose a neutrosophic model that incorporates the ideas of finding common parts in uncommon things and uncommon parts in common things within the realms of NToEIaI. We attempt to provide a proper answer on how to measure the degree of evolution, involution, and indeterminacy (neutrality) of a species in a given environment and specific timespan. By employing our approach, we can explain how a species adapts, regresses, or remains neutral within a specific environment and timespan. This method acknowledges not only the clear changes in traits but also the uncertainty and ambiguity that may arise during the process of evolution or involution.