Peri-interventional single shot antibiotic prophylaxis may not inferior to a 5/7-day antibiotic prophylactic regime for patients undergoing endoscopic lung volume reduction

<bold>Introduction:</bold> Endoscopic lung volume reduction with valves (ELVR) has become an important treatment option for severe COPD patients. Typically, patients receive a prolonged prophylactic antibiotic regimen to minimize post-interventional infections after ELVR. However, given the importance for rational antibiotic use considering increasing resistance, we asked whether a single-shot antibiotic prophylaxis is comparable to a 5/7-day regime after ELVR. <bold>Methods:</bold> A total of 161 patients underwent ELVR at Charité University Hospital in Berlin. Clinical data, rates of valve removals, and other complications within 24 months after ELVR were retrospectively analyzed based on the peri-interventional antibiotic use (single shot or 5/7-day regimen). <bold>Results:</bold> Out of 161 patients, 60 (37.3 %) received a single-shot and 101 (62.7%) received a 5/7-day antibiotic therapy after ELVR. Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. As seen in table 1, there was no significant difference in frequency of valve removals or overall complications within 24 months after ELVR. <bold>Conclusion:</bold> Our findings suggest that a single-shot antibiotic administration during ELVR may be as effective as a 5/7-day antibiotic regimen as proposed in randomized controlled trials. Prospective randomized studies with larger patient cohorts are warranted to validate these findings.