Bronchial Anthracostenosis

<bold>Introduction:</bold> Anthracostenosis or anthracofibrosis is a bronchoscopic finding consisnting of anthracotic pigmentation in the mucosa in association with bronchial stenosis. It has been linked with tuberculosis and biomass combustion exposure, however the cause has not been well clarified. The objective is to describe the characteristiscs of these patients in our geographical área <bold>Materials and Methods:</bold> descriptive and retrospective study of a prospective database including patients diagnosed with anthracostenosis by bronchoscopy during a period between 2016 and 2022 <bold>Results:</bold> 33 patients have been included. 21(63.6%)were men. The mean age was80(±8)yearsold. All women had been tending to household duties. 22(66.6%) patients were non-smokers, 9(27%) former smokers and 2 (6%) active smokers. All patients presented a history of biomass smoke exposure when asked after the bronchoscopic findings. 94%of diagnoses were an incidental finding during thestudy of an underlying pathology:24(73%)pulmonary mass/nodule, 6(18%)pneumoniae and 1(3%) Intersticial Lung Disease.5(16%) of patients had a personal history of pulmoanary tuberculosis and 2(6%) were positive for MTuberculosis in sputum culture. 5(15%)of patients had a mild haemorrage as a complication during the bronchoscopy <bold>Conclusions:</bold> The directed anamnesis of inhalation of biomass smoke in patients of particular age, geographical area, social environment is important in suspecting this pathology <fig><object-id>erj;64/suppl_68/PA4358/F1</object-id><object-id>F1</object-id><object-id>F1</object-id><graphic></graphic></fig>