Risk of recurrent anti-aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase antibody-associated interstitial lung disease due to anti-Ro52 antibodies

<bold>Background:</bold> The clinical significance of anti-Ro52 antibody in anti-aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase antibody-associated interstitial lung disease(ASS-ILD) is still unclear, especially in relation to recurrence of ASS-ILD. In this study, we investigated the relationship of Ro52 antibody to the recurrence of ASS-ILD. <bold>Methods:</bold> We retrospectively examined 97 patients with ASS-ILD between January 2010 and August 2023 ,and a cumulative relapse rate from medical records. The composite outcome was relapse of interstitial pneumonia (IP) or interstitial pneumonia-related death. The competing outcome was non-IP-related mortality. <bold>Results:</bold> 44 patients were positive for anti-Ro52 antibody and 54 patients were negative. The anti-Ro52 antibody-positive group had a predominantly higher recurrence rate than the negative group (<italic>p</italic>=0.011). There was no significant difference in non-IP related mortality between the two groups (<italic>p</italic>=0.37). Anti-Ro52 antibodies could be a recurrence factor in the multivariate analysis of this study (<italic>p</italic>=0.026). <bold>Conclusions:</bold> Anti-Ro52 antibodies may be a risk factor for recurrence in patients with ASS-ILD. Among ASS-ILDs, which are known to relapse frequently, those with positive anti-Ro52 antibodies should be carefully monitored for relapse.