The Impact of Biological Therapies and the Significance of Their Adherence on Asthma Outcomes

Biological therapies have revolutionized the approach to treating asthma. This retrospective study evaluates the biologics impact on asthma outcomes, clinical remission, and prevalence of adherence and its influence. Baseline characteristics and changes post-biologic initiation were analyzed and adherence was measured using percentage of days covered with therapy (PDC%). A total of 115 patients on biologics have been recruited. Each biological therapy improved all asthma outcomes clinically and statistically, including reduction in asthma attacks and daily steroid dose and improvements in symptoms and FEV1. Clinical remission was achieved in 23%, 9%, and 9% in patients using Benralizumab, Dupilumab and Omalizumab, respectively. In their initial year on biological therapies, Patients were compliant with their injections with an average PDC% of 86%. However, a slight downward trend in adherence was noted, decreasing to 84.5%. Logistic regression analysis revealed no significant impact of medication adherence on asthma outcomes. This real-world data study illustrates the significant improvement in asthma outcomes, and, in some instances, clinical remission achieved with all biological therapies. Patients demonstrated notably high adherence to these biologic agents, likely due to effective patient support programs. While a slight decline in adherence was observed in the second year, particularly with Omalizumab, non-compliance prevalence remained low. The data did not reveal a significant link between reduced adherence and adverse asthma outcomes, emphasizing the importance of sustained patient support and education for maintaining treatment compliance and achieving optimal therapeutic benefits.