Efficacy of pulmonary angioplasty with stent deployment in patients with isolated peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis in adulthood

<bold>Background:</bold> Isolated pulmonary artery stenosis (PPAS) in adulthood is characterized by bilateral nonuniform stenoses of the pulmonary arteries. Progressive worsening of these pulmonary artery stenoses leading to right heart failure and death. However, there is no established treatments for isolated PPAS in adulthood. <bold>Methods:</bold> This study involved 22 patients with isolated PPAS in adulthood who underwent pulmonary angioplasty with stent deployment in our hospital. Changes of hemodynamic parameters were compared before and after pulmonary angioplasty. Long-term survival was also evaluated. <bold>Results:</bold> 336 pulmonary angioplasty procedures were performed, with average 15 ± 6 procedures per patient. Total 414 stents were deployed, averaging 19 ± 9 stents per patient. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure decreased from 52 ± 16 to 36 ± 12 mmHg (p<0.001), and pulmonary vascular resistance decreased from 9.2 ± 3.6 to 6.4 ± 4.3 W.U. (p=0.001). Regarding complications, hemosputum was observed in 88 procedures (25.4%), and severe lung injury requiring mechanical ventilation was observed in three procedures (0.9%). One patient died due to complication required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Additionally, another patient died due to unknown sudden death. The 5-year and 10-year survival rate were 94% and 87%. <bold>Conclusions:</bold> Pulmonary angioplasty with stent deployment improved hemodynamics and survival in patients with isolated PPAS in adulthood. It could be a treatment option in patients with isolated PPAS.