Efficacy and safety of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with carboplatin and nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel.

<bold>Background:</bold> Standard treatment for unresectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is concurrent platinum-based chemotherapy and thoracic radiation therapy, with the addition of durvalumab maintenance therapy for one year. However, there are limited reports on concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with carboplatin (CBDCA) and albumin-bound paclitaxel (nabPTX). <bold>Aims:</bold> We evaluated the efficacy and safety of CCRT with CBDCA and nabPTX for unresectable locally advanced NSCLC. <bold>Methods:</bold> We retrospectively reviewed unresectable locally advanced NSCLC patients who had started CCRT with CBDCA and nabPTX in 2016 or thereafter at our hospital. The chemotherapy schedule consisted of CBDCA on days 1 and 22 and nabPTX on day 1 and weekly thereafter, up to 6 times. The dose of thoracic radiotherapy ranged from 28 to 35 fractions, at 2 Gy each. The efficacy outcomes were response rate (RR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival time (OS). The safety outcomes were the incidence of severe neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, and radiation pneumonitis. <bold>Results:</bold> A total of 55 patients were included in this study. Weekly average dose of CBDCA was 1.43 mg/ml/min and that of nabPTX was 62 mg/m2. Response rate was 89%, median and interquartile PFS was 21.4 (7.8 – 55.2) months, and median and interquartile SS was 40.8 (14.3 – 66.4) months. Severe neutropenia occurred in 33 (60%) patients, of whom 7 (13%) also had severe febrile neutropenia. The incidence of severe radiation pneumonitis was 9%, including one death. <bold>Conclusions:</bold> CCRT with CBDCA and napPTX for unresectable locally advanced NSCLC showed the comparable efficacy and safety with the previous reports.