An new experimental study on the geochemical behaviors of metals in fluorine-bearing hydrothermal fluids based on the Monel alloy solubility method

<p indent="0mm"> Fluorine-rich hydrothermal fluids are ubiquitous in the ore-forming hydrothermal systems, playing a pivotal role in the ore-forming process including transportation, enrichment, and precipitation of metals. The solubility experiment can be used to determine the solubilities, migration patterns, and thermodynamic parameters of metals within these fluorine-rich hydrothermal fluids. It is effective means for investigating the metallogenic processes of metals associated with the fluorine-bearing hydrothermal fluid. However, the operational temperature limitations of materials (<italic>t</italic>≤250 ℃) in the traditional Teflon-lined solubility experimental methods had hampered the investigation of the geochemical behaviors of metals in the metallogenic process within the fluorine-bearing fluids at medium–high temperature. In this study, we have firstly applied Monel alloy to the solubility experiment system. Based on experiments for testing the fluorine resistance of Monel alloy, it is basically confirmed that Monel alloy applied in the new solubility experimental method has excellent stability at temperature of 350 ℃. Additionally, we have conducted the preliminary solubility experiments of tin in the fluorine-bearing fluid at <sc>350 ℃,</sc> and have confirmed that this new method is an effective means for studying the solubilities of various metals in the fluorine-bearing fluid at medium–high temperature. Finally, a preliminary prospect of the application of this method has been outlined. It is expected that this method will be widely applied to study the geochemical behaviors of ore-forming metals associated with the high-temperature fluorine-bearing hydrothermal fluids.