Diversity of mammalian species in the Kangchenjunga Landscape of eastern Nepal

The Himalayas, including Nepal, are a biodiversity hotspot. However, records on mammalian richness remain incomplete due to resource limitations, inadequate training, and the remote location of study areas. The unprotected forest area of the Panchthar-Ilam-Taplejung region in eastern Nepal is a vital corridor connecting India and Nepal. Using a structured methodology we aimed to increase our knowledge of mammalian diversity in this area. Camera traps were deployed throughout the Panchthar-Ilam-Taplejung area in 53 locations in winter and 54 in spring, accumulating 3014 camera trap days and generating 93,336 images, with a positive trigger rate of 29.8%. The survey revealed 17 species of medium to large-sized mammals and an additional six species of smaller unidentified mammals, including two melanic variations and two previously undocumented species. Activity patterns were calculated for species with more than five image records in both seasons. The findings contribute essential information about the Kangchenjunga Landscape, which can be used to further conservation efforts in this critical ecosystem corridor.