Clinical and evolutionary characteristics of first-episode recurrence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax

Recurrence is the main medium-term complication of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP). The aim of our study is to describe the clinical, radiological and evolutionary evolution of patients hospitalized for 1st episode of recurrence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax. This retrospective study included 183 patients with a history of primary spontaneous primary spontaneous pneumothorax, including 78 patients hospitalized for a 1st episode of recurrence at the Pneumology Department of CHU Ibn Rochd Casablanca Hospital between 2018 and 2023. All patients were male with a mean age of 30.75 years [17-72y]. The smoking was present in 96.2% of cases, 12% of whom were weaned. Cannabis use was found in 48.7% of cases. The long-arm morphotype was emphasized in 82% of cases. Symptomatology was dominated by chest pain (100%) and dyspnea (42.2%). Pneumothorax was total in 55.1% of cases, of great abundance in74.4% of cases and homolateral to the first episode in 55.1% of cases. Compressive nature was noted in two cases. Chest CT scans were performed in 21.8% of cases, showing homolateral blebs in 47.1% of cases. The recommended was immediate surgery in 69.2% of cases, drainage followed by surgery in 29.5% of cases, drainage alone in one case. The mean duration of thoracic was 3.95 days. The average hospital stay was 5 days. Complications were present in 11.7% of cases, with persistent detachment in five cases, superinfection in two cases and hemothorax in two cases. PSP recurrence is a frequent complication. Its management is guided by clear recommendations, but which must also be adapted to the patient and the hospital structure.