A Rare Case of Primary Thyroid Lymphoma: Case Report and Literature Review

Introduction: Primary lymphomas of the thyroid gland are rare and very uncommon, representing less than 5% of thyroid neoplasia and occur more frequently in women than in men, it develops in most cases on a pre-existing thyroid condition, in particular Hashimoto's thyroiditis.Case presentation: we report the case of a 65-year-old patient, with no history of chronic thyroiditis, admitted for a rapidly progressive, hard and fixed anterior cervical mass, accompanied by signs of compression.Once in our structure after a radiological examination (ultra sound and CT scan), the patient was scheduled for a surgical management.However, during surgery, invasion of adjacent thyroid tissue was noted, justifying partial tumor reduction.Definitive pathological examination, supported by immunohistochemistry, confirmed the diagnosis of thyroid lymphoma.Treatment consisted of exclusive chemotherapy.The clinical evolution was very favorable. Conclusion:The key messages to remember are that thyroid lymphoma does not occur exclusively in patients with Hashimoto's disease, and if adjacent tissue invasion is observed during surgery, a tumor reduction or a simple biopsy is sufficient for diagnosis.Additionally, exclusive chemotherapy yields highly impressive results.