Osteocalcin and Chinese visceral adiposity index are associated with the risk of ASCVD and arterial stiffness in patients with T2DM

This study aims to discover the association between serum osteocalcin, the Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI), and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk, and their impact on arterial stiffness in T2DM patients. We included 639 T2DM patients aged 30 and older who received the assessment of ASCVD risk using the China-PAR equation, Osteocalcin and arterial stiffness in this cross-sectional study. We found that osteocalcin and CVAI as independent risk factors for both medium-high-risk ASCVD (osteocalcin: men, OR,0.96, 95% CI 0.92, 1.00; women, OR, 0.93, 95% CI 0.8, 1.08, respectively)(CVAI: men, OR,1.01,95% CI 1.00,1.02; women: OR, 1.08, 95% CI 1.02,1.14, respectively) and arterial stiffness (osteocalcin: men, OR, 0.98, 95% CI 0.94,1.01; women, OR, 0.98, 95% CI 0.90,1.06, respectively)(CVAI: men, OR,1.0, 95% CI 0.99,1.01; women, OR, 1.02, 95% CI 1.00,1.04, respectively) in both men and women patients with T2DM. Combining osteocalcin levels and CVAI improved the prediction accuracy of arterial stiffness in men patients with T2DM (difference of AUC_{(Model 4 vs. Model 1)}:1.5%, NRI: 0.06 [0.0,0.4]). All P-values were < 0.05. The results suggested that osteocalcin levels and CVAI are independent risk factors for ASCVD risk and arterial stiffness in T2DM. Combining osteocalcin and CVAI can enhance the early detection of atherosclerosis through male patients with T2DM.