Misalignment analysis of WPT level 3/Z2-class of CirPT with DDPR and CirPR for EVs stationary charging

Future inductive charging ports must possess the capability to charge any electric vehicle (EV), irrespective of the specific coil architecture it is equipped with. This study examines the misalignment scenarios of the global circular pad at transmitter side (CirPT) with circular receiver pad (CirPR) and a double-D receiver pad (DDPR). The CirPT, CirPR, and DDPR configurations for WPT3 (11.1 kW) with ground clearance meeting the Z2-class specifications and above ground surface installation are built by utilizing circuit analysis and 3D-finite element simulations, as outlined by the Society of Automotive Engineering (SAE) J2954 standard. The simulated designs are employed to determine the frequency (f) and the compensating network components (CNCs) required to achieve optimal power transfer efficiency while maintaining nominal power levels. The analysis of misalignment scenarios involves examining various performance factors, including coupling coefficient (k), transmission power (P_o), efficiency (η), and leakage electromagnetic fields (EMFs). These factors are assessed under conditions of ideal alignment, as well as various linear and angular misalignments within the inductive charging system. The results demonstrate that both the CirPR and DDPR configurations can successfully interface with the CirPT to provide the required P_o to the EV battery with commendable efficiency. In perfect alignment, the efficiencies are 95.10% for the CirPT-CirPR model and 91.60% for the CirPT-DDPR model. In maximum misalignment, the efficiencies are 87.10% for the CirPT-CirPR model and 89.50% for the CirPT-DDPR model, all exceeding the acceptable threshold of 80%.