Applications Of Photodynamic Therapy In Periodontal Diseases

Background: According to A. Marcacci et al (1888), when many reports emerged on light absorbing properties and of fluorescence of various dyes, it became clear that dye excitation by light exerts destructive action in biological systems. This so-called photodynamic action was described as a process in which light, after being absorbed by dyes sensitizes organisms for visible light inducing cell damage. The supra- and subgingival plaque biofilm on tooth surfaces should easily be accessible for flushing with the dye and for activating them by light. Thus, periodontal diseases are promising applications of Photodynamic Therapy. Introduction: Chronic periodontitis is the most common periodontal disease which is related to the chronic accumulation of bacterial plaque. Since mechanical methods are not sufficient in the treatment of this disease, administration of local/systemic antibiotic is recommended following mechanical debridement. However, side effects of antibiotics such as microbial resistance and patient allergy led to development of alternative methods. One of these suggested methods is the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). PDT is a local noninvasive treatment modality without the side effects caused by antibiotics. Objectives: In this review, the mechanism of action of PDT and its application in the treatment of various periodontal conditions along with its future trends are discussed. Conclusion: Even though PDT is still in experimental stages of development and testing, the method may be an adjunct to conventional antibacterial measures in periodontology and Implant related perspectives.