Assessment of pesticide use, practice and hazards on cotton-growing farmers in the Awash Valley, Ethiopia

Pesticide use in cotton cultivation in Ethiopia has increased due to the emergence of new insect pests, raising environmental and health concerns. The aim of this study is to examine pesticide utilization, handling practices, and knowledge among farmers in the Awash Valley. A total of one hundred twenty-eight small-scale and twenty-five large-scale farmers were included in the study. Data were collected through semi-structured questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. The results revealed that a significant proportion (63.2%) did not read or follow pesticide label instructions, and many (78.5%) do not use protective gear during pesticide handling. Although Ethiopia has established pesticide legislation and signed international agreements, gaps exist in policy implementation, particularly regarding the safeguarding of worker health. The Ethiopian Agricultural Authority, mandated under Proclamation Number 1263/2021 and Council of Ministers Regulation Number 509/2022, oversees pesticide registration and policy enforcement. However, there is a need for improved information dissemination, motivation, and enforcement mechanisms to ensure compliance, especially among small-scale farmers. Regular monitoring, advocacy, and training are crucial for effective policy implementation and for protecting both farmers and the environment. Key words: Environment, health, small-scale and large-scale farmers, pesticide-related knowledge.