Efficacy of bio-pesticides based modules for the management of major insect pest of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) under field condition

The experiments were conducted during rabi seasons of two consecutive years from 2022-23 and 2023-24 at Students instructional farm of CSAUAT, Kanpur (India) to evaluate the field efficacy of Bio-Pesticides Based Modules consisting different treatments were as follows: T1 (Metarhizium anisopliae 5 g/l), T2 (Beauveria bassiana 5 g/l), T3 (Verticillium lacanii 5 g/l), (Emamectin benzoate 1 g/l), T5 (Azadirachtin 5 ml/l), T6 (Bacillus thuringiensis 2ml/l), T7 (Spinosad 0.3 ml/l) and T8 (Control) against Aphis craccivora, Helicoverpa armigera, Etiella zinckenella in lentil. Overall, Spinosad consistently outperformed other bio-pesticides in controlling Aphis craccivora Koch populations, highest effectiveness in reducing larval populations (Helicoverpa armigera Hübner,) and Spinosad consistently reduced pod damage by (Etiella zinckenella Treitschke), followed by Emamectin benzoate. Highest yield was recorded in Rabi, 2022-23 T7 (Spinosad) recorded the highest yield at 20.71 q/ha, followed by T4 (Emamectin benzoate) with 19.02 q/ha, and T5 (Azadirachtin) with 16.86 q/ha. Similarly, T7 (Spinosad) again achieved the highest yield at 21.71 q/ha, followed by T4 (Emamectin benzoate) with 20.36 q/ha, and T5 (Azadirachtin) with 17.19 q/ha in Rabi 2023-24. Whereas, Highest ratio was for Spinosad (1:33.98), followed by Azadirachtin (1:24.42) and Emamectin benzoate (1:23.33) in Rabi 2022-23 and Spinosad improved to (1:39.01), with Azadirachtin (1:27.40) and Emamectin benzoate (1:27.26) in Rabi 2023-24.