Studies on correlation coefficient for grain yield and its attributing traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Em. Thell.) is a staple food crop and a vital source of nutrition for millions globally, particularly in India, where it ranks second in importance after rice. The study investigates the genetic relationships between various quantitative traits affecting grain yield in wheat, employing a Line × Tester mating design with 22 genotypes to generate 72 F1s and F2s. Fourteen traits were evaluated, revealing significant phenotypic and genotypic correlations. Key findings include strong positive associations between grain yield and biological yield per plant and harvest index, indicating that enhancing biomass is critical for improving yield. Conversely, protein content showed a significant negative correlation with grain yield, highlighting the trade-off between grain quality and quantity. Other traits such as days to 50% heading exhibited notable relationships with maturity and protein accumulation, while plant height and 1000 grain weight showed negative correlations with grain yield in the F2 generation. These results emphasize the complexity of selecting for yield and quality traits, underscoring the need for balanced breeding strategies that consider both agronomic performance and nutritional quality.