Transcription-Aided Selection (TAS) for Crop Disease Resistance: Strategy and Evidence

A transcription-aided selection (TAS) strategy is proposed in this paper, which utilizes the positive regulatory roles of genes involved in the plant immunity pathways to screen crops with high disease resistance. Increased evidence has demonstrated that upon pathogen attack, the expression of diverse genes involved in salicylic acid (SA)-mediated SAR are differentially expressed and transcriptionally regulated. The paper discusses the molecular mechanisms of the SA signaling pathway, which plays a central role in plant immunity, and identifies differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that could be targeted for transcriptional detection. We have conducted a series of experiments to test the TAS strategy and found that the level of <i>GmSAGT1</i> expression is highly correlated with soybean downy mildew (SDM) resistance with a correlation coefficient R² = 0.7981. Using RT-PCR, we screened 2501 soybean germplasms and selected 26 collections with higher levels of both <i>GmSAGT1</i> and <i>GmPR1</i> (Pathogenesis-related proteins1) gene expression. Twenty-three out of the twenty-six lines were inoculated with <i>Peronospora manshurica (Pm)</i> in a greenhouse. Eight showed HR (highly resistant), four were R (resistant), five were MR (moderately resistant), three were S (susceptible), and three were HS (highly susceptible). The correlation coefficient R² between the TAS result and <i>Pm</i> inoculation results was 0.7035, indicating a satisfactory consistency. The authors anticipate that TAS provides an effective strategy for screening crops with broad-spectrum and long-lasting resistance.