Numerical Modelling and Experimental Validation of Selective Laser Melting Processes Using a Custom Argon Chamber Setup for 316L Stainless Steel and Ti6AI4V

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is an advanced additive manufacturing technique that demands meticulous control over thermal dynamics to maintain the integrity and performance of manufactured parts. This study presents the development and validation of a thermal model designed to enhance the SLM process for 316L stainless steel (316L SS) and titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. A specially constructed Argon Chamber Setup, equipped with a 200 W continuous-wave (CW) fibre laser system, was used to create an SLM-representative environment for 316L SS, enabling precise experimental validation of the model. This validation serves as a robust baseline, facilitating the model’s extension to more complex materials like Ti6Al4V, thereby supporting a cost-efficient and safe approach to initial testing. The rigorously validated thermal model offers a comprehensive link between experimental data and numerical simulations in SLM. It supports process optimisation by accurately predicting thermal behaviours, contributing significantly to additive manufacturing advancements. By fine-tuning processing parameters, this model enhances material characteristics, thereby providing practical insights applicable to industrial production and improving the consistency and quality of SLM-manufactured parts.