Schistosomus reflexus in cattle: Non-surgical management of three different cases

Schistosomus reflexus is more commonly seen as a cause of fetal monster leading to dystocia in cattle and is characterised by marked ventral curvature of the spine, exposed abdominal viscera, ankylosis of the limbs that often requires caesarean section to deliver the monster. In the present study, three different cases of schistosomus reflexus that led to dystocia and handled by mutational operations are discussed.