Molecular exploration and nutritional composition of Guava

Guava is a tropical fruit renowned for its rich nutritional profile and medicinal properties, making it an important fruit crop in both local and global markets. This review focuses on the molecular exploration of guava, highlighting recent advancements in the genetic understanding of the species, and examines the nutritional composition that contributes to its health-promoting qualities. At the molecular level, guava has attracted attention for its genetic diversity, adaptability, and resistance to environmental stress. Recent studies using molecular markers such as SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat), RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) and AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) have helped in identifying key genetic variations, aiding breeding programs which aimed at improving fruit quality, disease resistance, and yield. Genomic sequencing and transcriptomic analyses have further advanced the understanding of genes responsible for traits like ripening, flavor, and stress tolerance. These insights hold potential for accelerating the development of superior guava cultivars through marker-assisted selection (MAS) and biotechnological interventions. Guava is also recognized for its exceptional nutritional value, being rich in dietary fiber, vitamins (notably vitamin C), minerals (potassium, magnesium), and antioxidants such as lycopene and polyphenols. The fruit's low-calorie profile and balanced nutrient content make it suitable for consumption in a variety of dietary regimes, including those aimed at managing diabetes and cardiovascular health. In conclusion, the molecular exploration of guava, combined with its robust nutritional composition, underscores its significance in agriculture, nutrition, and health.