Exploring the versatile applications of Spirulina: A comprehensive research review

Spirulina, a type of blue-green algae, has garnered significant attention due to its rich nutritional profile and bioactive compounds that contribute to numerous health benefits. This review provides an extensive analysis of the various applications of Spirulina, covering its roles in nutrition, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, agriculture, and environmental sustainability. With its high protein content, essential amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, Spirulina is an exceptional dietary supplement and functional food ingredient. In the pharmaceutical industry, it is explored for its potential in immune enhancement, cholesterol reduction, and cancer prevention. Spirulina’s antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties make it a valuable component in cosmetics, aiding in skin care and anti-ageing formulations. In agriculture, Spirulina is used as a biofertilizer and livestock feed supplement, contributing to sustainable practices by enhancing soil quality and improving livestock health. Furthermore, its ability to absorb heavy metals and pollutants enables its use in environmental applications, such as water purification and waste management. However, large-scale production faces challenges, including quality control, standardisation, and regulatory requirements, which must be addressed to ensure safe and effective use.