Comparison of three methods for generating the coccoid form of Helicobacter pylori and proteomic analysis

Amoxicillin treatment changed H. pylori to VBNC cells faster than starvation. Treatment with the S. mitis supernatant prolonged the culturability of H. pylori, suggesting that the S. mitis supernatant may contain substances that support spiral form maintenance. Proteomic analysis revealed that the expression of proteins differed between the spiral form and coccoid form of H. pylori, and this variation was observed among the coccoid forms produced via three different methods. The proteins in the coccoid forms produced by the three methods differed from each other, but common proteins were also observed among them.