Techno economics analysis of animal drawn solar powered sprayer using single animal

This study presents a techno-economic analysis of an animal drawn solar powered sprayer modified for operation by a single animal. The research aimed to adapt a double animal sprayer for single-animal use, rigorously test its performance and evaluate its cost-effectiveness. The modification process involved significant alterations to the hitch and yoke design to optimize functionality with a single animal power source. Performance metrics such as effective field capacity (0.30 ha/h), field efficiency (76.91%) and operational speed (2.4 km/h) were assessed, along with physiological stress indicators in the bullock, including maximum body temperatures (38.6 °C and 37.9 °C), respiration rates (65 and 52 breaths/min) and pulse rates (71 and 59 beats/min) under load and no-load conditions after 4 h of working of bullock. The average draft was found to be 414.3 N. The cost of operation was Rs. 361.8/ha and Pay Back Period was found to be 1.76 years. The economic analysis showed the modified sprayer offers reduced operational costs and improved efficiency compared to traditional methods.