Acute myocardial infarction in patients with hip fractures: A meta-analysis

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a significant concern in elderly patients with hip fractures, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. This meta-analysis aims to quantify the incidence of AMI in this demographic and identify associated risk factors. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted across databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus for studies published from 2000 to 2023. The incidence of AMI following hip fractures was pooled using random-effects models. Risk factors were analyzed using multivariate regression models. Results: A total of 30 studies were included, encompassing 15,000 patients. The pooled incidence of AMI was found to be 5.9% (95% CI: 4.2% - 7.6%). Significant risk factors identified included age (OR 1.5, 95% CI: 1.3 - 1.8), male gender (OR 1.7, 95% CI: 1.2 - 2.4), preexisting cardiovascular disease (OR 2.1, 95% CI: 1.6 - 2.9), and surgical delay beyond 48 hours (OR 1.9, 95% CI: 1.4 - 2.6). Conclusion: AMI is a critical complication following hip fractures in the elderly, with a notable incidence of 5.9%. The findings emphasize the importance of preoperative cardiovascular assessment, timely surgical intervention, and multidisciplinary management to mitigate the risk of AMI.