Inverse Coupled Simulated Annealing for Enhanced OSPF Convergence in IoT Networks

The current Internet of Things (IoT) network structure is evolving from small-scale distributed systems to a large-scale hierarchical collaboration between backbone and access networks. In this context, the dynamic changes in backbone node connections and the surge in service demands, coupled with sluggish fault detection speeds, significantly shorten effective service transmission time. To address this issue, this paper proposes an inverse coupled simulated annealing for enhanced OSPF route convergence in IoT networks (OSPF-ICSA). Initially, the link state is derived from the statistical characteristics of Hello packets, while the aggregated characteristics of the link state are employed to characterize the node state, providing data support for the reverse coupled simulated annealing algorithm. Subsequently, the Hello packet is refined, and a mechanism is designed to synchronize OSPF intervals and transmit node states. This ensures that nodes within the same subnet synchronize their sending intervals and fault detection times while sharing their node states. Finally, building upon this foundation, the reverse coupled simulated annealing algorithm is introduced to jointly optimize the Hello packet sending interval and fault detection time. Compared to the traditional AODV protocol, OSPF-ICSA reduces the average fault detection time by over 37.38%, improves the average fault detection accuracy by more than 3.1%, decreases the average routing overhead by over 20%, and increases the average packet delivery rate by over 5.1%.