Carbon management for modern power system: An overview

Under the landscape of climate change, carbon management has emerged as an imperative global task in recent years, especially within the power sector, a primary emitter of greenhouse gases (GHG). As the energy structure evolves with the integration of renewable energy sources (RES), the challenge of implementing effective carbon management within a well-established framework for modern power systems has become paramount. Nevertheless, existing literature have failed to thoroughly explored carbon management within the power sector. This work aims to address this gap by providing a comprehensive overview of carbon management practices in modern power systems. Initially, this paper reviews international, national, and industry-level carbon reduction goals and strategies. It then introduces a unified closed-loop carbon management framework, offering essential guidance for developing countries and regions to devise their carbon emission reduction pathways.Subsequently, this study innovatively examines the current state of research and practice from four distinct angles: carbon emission accounting, carbon verification, carbon trading, and carbon big data management. Specifically, it investigates the predominant methods for direct and indirect emission monitoring, an ideal framework for carbon emission verification, challenges in the electricity-carbon coupled market, and the application of big data in carbon management. Finally, by highlighting some significant yet underrecognized issues, this paper proposes relevant solutions and prospective, laying a theoretical groundwork for enhancing future carbon management frameworks.