Influence of two farming systems on the productivity and biochemical characteristics of einkorn and rye

The experiment was conducted in the period 2019 - 2022 in the experimental field of the Institute of Agriculture in Karnobat. The aim of the research was to determine the influence of two farming systems - organic and conventional on the productivity and biochemical characteristics of rye (Secale cereale L.) and triticale (Triticum monococcum L.). The crop structure and grain yield of rye and einkorn grown in different farming systems depend not only on the studied factor, but also on weather conditions during the growing season of the crops. Organic farming of both crops promotes the formation of higher number of spike-bearing stems compared to conventional farming. We believe that this is a compensatory mechanism, especially under unfavorable climatic conditions. In the case of organically grown rye and einkorn, the plant height, spike length, number of grains in the spike, mass of the grain in the spike were lower than the conventional ones. For organically grown einkorn, despite differences in agro-meteorological conditions, spike length remained stable over the years, but was 18% shorter than that of conventional. The biochemical parameters of the crops differ according to the cultivation method, with conventional rye having a higher percentage of crude protein and lower ash values compared to organic. The lysine content is almost the same in both cultivation methods, but the percentage of crude fiber is higher in conventional farming. Despite lower crude protein levels, organically grown einkorn showed greater stability in ash and fiber content over the years, as well as higher lysine content.