Characterizing the Tropical Cyclones Activity over Arabian Sea (1982–2021)

The current study looks at how the characteristics of Arabian Sea tropical cyclones (TCs) change over time. The results show that in the pre-monsoon (April–June) and the post-monsoon (October–December), the activity of TCs > 34 knots, including cyclonic storm (CS), severe cyclonic storm (SCS), very severe cyclonic storm (VSCS), extreme severe cyclonic storm (ESCS), and super cyclonic storm (Sup. CS), has significantly increased, while the tendency of TCs < 34 knots, depressions and deep depressions (Ds) over the Arabian Sea has only slightly increased. Most of the TC activity in the first two decades (1982–2001) over the Arabian Sea activated on the eastern side, while in the last two decades (2002–2021), there was an expansion toward the southwest region of the Arabian Sea, especially in the post-monsoon season. The composite analysis of environmental parameters over the Arabian Sea reveals that the negative anomalies of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and the positive anomalies of relative humidity at 500 hPa (RH–500 hPa) in the first decade (1982–1991) and the second decade (1992–2001) are more concentrated on the eastern side of the Arabian Sea, leading to increased activity for TCs. Decades three (2002–2011) and four (2012–2021) demonstrated a wide distribution of weak vertical wind shear (VWS) and strong convection (OLR and RH–500 hPa) over the Arabian Sea basin. This led to TCs occurring more frequently and stronger, especially in the post-monsoon season. SST over the Arabian Sea was sufficient for tropical storm activity (≥26.5 °C) for both typical seasons.