Advanced 3D modeling of geosynthetic-encased stone columns in soft clay beneath embankment

This study comprehensively analyzes geosynthetic-encased stone columns (GESC) in soft clay soils beneath embankments using advanced 3D modeling with Plaxis 3D software, validated against field data from the Penchala Toll Plaza project. The research highlights the significant benefits of incorporating both installation effects and geosynthetic reinforcement in embankment design, emphasizing realistic installation techniques. The lateral expansion method for stone column installation, varying from 0%, 5% and 10%, shows a noticeable reduction in settlement, with geosynthetic wrapping further enhancing performance. A detailed parametric study provides insights into optimal geosynthetic properties, installation methods, and column arrangements. Findings reveal that increased geosynthetic stiffness enhances load-bearing capacity and stability, with combined horizontal and vertical reinforcement (VESC + HRSC) being most effective in minimizing vertical displacement. Higher friction angles of stone column materials significantly reduce settlement, highlighting the importance of material selection and column configuration. This research uniquely investigates the radial expansion method for stone column installation and explores various factors affecting settlement mitigation. Overall, the study advances the understanding and application of GESC in geotechnical engineering, offering crucial insights for designing resilient infrastructure in challenging geotechnical environments.